What are the specific effects of boric acid on the properties of glass?

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Boric acid is mainly used in glass manufacturing by forming boron oxygen tetrahedra (BO ₄) and combining them with silicon oxygen networks, significantly improving the following properties of glass:

1. Enhanced thermal stability

Boric acid can reduce the thermal expansion coefficient of glass, making it less prone to breakage under severe temperature changes. For example, borosilicate glass can withstand temperature differences of up to 400-500 ℃ and is suitable for oven utensils and laboratory vessels.

2. Improvement of mechanical strength

By optimizing the network structure, boric acid improves the hardness and impact resistance of glass, reducing the risk of scratches and damage in daily use.

3. Improvement of optical performance

Boric acid can enhance the transparency and refractive index of glass, meet the high requirements of optical instruments for lenses, and reduce light scattering.

4. Optimization of chemical stability

Enhance the resistance of glass to acid, alkali, and hydrolysis, suitable for chemical containers and medical equipment.

5. Process performance assistance

As a flux, boric acid can lower the melting temperature of glass (about 200-300 ℃), reduce energy consumption, and accelerate the clarification process.